Robotic joint replacement surgery is an advanced orthopedic procedure that uses robotic-assisted technology to enhance the precision and accuracy of joint replacements, primarily in the knee and hip. Unlike traditional surgery, where the surgeon relies solely on manual techniques and visual estimation, robotic systems create a 3D virtual model of the patient’s joint using a preoperative CT scan or intraoperative mapping. This model allows the surgeon to plan the procedure with pinpoint accuracy. During surgery, a robotic arm or navigation system guides the surgeon in real-time, ensuring precise bone cuts, optimal implant positioning, and proper ligament balancing, all while protecting healthy surrounding tissues. The robot doesn’t operate independently but works under the direct control of the surgeon. This level of customization leads to better implant alignment, improved joint function, reduced postoperative pain, and faster recovery. Robotic joint replacement is particularly beneficial for patients with complex joint anatomy or those seeking a quicker return to daily activities. While the technology involves higher costs and specialized training, it offers long-term benefits like reduced implant wear, lower revision rates, and higher patient satisfaction.
MBBS (KEM, Mumbai), MS Ortho, DNB Ortho
FNB Arthroplasty, MRCSEd.(UK) MNAMS
Fellowship in Revision Joint Replacement (Germany)
Robotic joint replacement is a technology-assisted orthopedic surgery where a robotic system helps the surgeon perform highly precise hip or knee replacement. It enhances planning, execution, and outcomes by offering greater control, accuracy, and customization than conventional methods.
Unlike traditional surgery where implant placement relies on manual guides and visual assessment, robotic systems offer:
Preoperative 3D imaging
Real-time intraoperative feedback
Sub-millimeter precision
Surgeons remain fully in control—the robot only assists based on pre-planned parameters and live data.
| System | Company | Used For | Imaging Method |
|---|---|---|---|
| MAKO | Stryker | Hip & Knee | Pre-op CT |
| ROSA | Zimmer Biomet | Knee | X-ray or CT |
| CORI | Smith & Nephew | Knee | Image-free (real-time mapping) |
| OMNIBotics | Corin | Knee | Pre-op planning + intra-op feedback |
| NAVIO | Smith & Nephew | Knee | Image-free |
Each system uses different technologies—some require preoperative CT scans, others perform real-time intraoperative mapping.
CT/MRI/X-rays taken to create a patient-specific 3D model.
The surgeon plans:
Precise bone cuts
Implant size
Orientation
Soft tissue balance strategy
A robotic arm or navigation system assists the surgeon.
Systems prevent the surgeon from moving outside a safety zone (“haptic boundaries”).
Real-time sensors track the patient’s joint and adjust for any movement.
Robotic tools ensure precise cuts and ideal implant alignment.
Some systems track implant performance and patient outcomes over time.
Accurate alignment of femoral and tibial components
Better ligament balancing
Improved early function and range of motion
Ideal for patients with disease in a single knee compartment
Preserves healthy bone and ligaments
Minimally invasive
Precise placement of acetabular cup and femoral stem
Reduced risk of dislocation and limb length discrepancy
Enhanced gait and biomechanics
| Benefit | Details |
|---|---|
| Precision | Within 0.5 mm of planned alignment |
| Longevity | Reduced wear may improve implant survival |
| Faster Rehab | Better soft tissue handling = less pain |
| Fewer Revisions | Lower malalignment-related revision rate |
| Improved Function | Better balance leads to more natural movement |
Clinical studies show fewer complications, reduced opioid use, and higher patient satisfaction.
Cost: More expensive than traditional surgery
Availability: Limited to select hospitals
Training Required: Surgeons need system-specific certifications
Slightly Longer OR Time: Setup and calibration can take 15–30 mins longer
Younger or active patients seeking quicker recovery
Those with complex joint deformities
Patients who had poor outcomes with previous surgery
Anyone eligible for traditional replacement may qualify
Contraindications:
Severe bone loss
Infections
Certain deformities where robotic limits are exceeded.
| Activity | Traditional | Robotic-Assisted |
|---|---|---|
| Hospital Stay | 3–5 days | 1–2 days |
| Walk With Support | 2–3 days | 1 day |
| Resume Work | 4–6 weeks | 2–4 weeks |
| Full Recovery | 3–6 months | 2–3 months |
AI-based surgical planning
Robot-guided personalized implants
Enhanced outcome tracking via wearable tech
Expanded use in spinal, shoulder, and revision surgeries